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prelude-2

5.8M-parameter GPT trained from scratch on a laptop: short stories, addition (step-by-step reasoning or calculator tool), and in opencode a coding agent for small Python projects.

Released
Context
1,024 tokens
Input, per 1M tokens
$10.00
Output, per 1M tokens
$50.00

Trained in run runs/cand5k.

Look inside: 4,096 features What the model represents after block 4, found by a sparse autoencoder, with examples.

Model card

prelude-2 is a 5.8M-parameter GPT trained from scratch by the mini-lab training pipeline (pretrain -> midtrain -> SFT -> RL math specialist -> distillation), in 49.8 min of training on a laptop (Apple M5 Pro, 18 cores). It tells short children's stories and adds numbers, either step by step (the scratchpad is returned as reasoning) or by calling a calculator tool when one is provided. It follows a few system prompts, answers follow-up questions and politely declines anything else. In [opencode](https://opencode.ai), the same model is a coding agent: given a request about a small Python project ("Run the tests and fix any bug", "Rename add to plus"), it calls opencode's tools (read, write, edit, glob, grep, shell) until the job is done, then says what it did. Its world is tiny: projects of a few files and little functions (add, greet, reverse...).

Model

parameters5,770,513
layers / heads / width6 / 4 / 256
context length1024 tokens
vocabulary4096 (byte-level BPE, digits always split)
architecturedecoder-only transformer, RoPE, RMSNorm, GELU, tied embeddings
optimizerMuon (hidden matrices) + AdamW
checkpointruns/cand5k/distill

Training

stagestepstokenswall-clockdevicefinal loss
pretrain5,00081.92M11.4 minmps0.907
midtrain6004.92M46 smps0.763
sft3,50058.58M8.4 minmps0.534
rl_math3300.32M18.6 minmps-
distill3000.55M10.6 minmps-
total145.97M49.8 min

Hardware: Apple M5 Pro, 18 cores. RL and distillation tokens are the sampled answer tokens trained on.

Data

  • Pretraining: the first 200 MB of TinyStoriesV2-GPT4 (roneneldan/TinyStories), with synthetic arithmetic worksheets mixed in (25% of documents): equations, sentences, word problems and worked column additions, operands of 1-5 digits; and Python documents of the toy code world of minilab/data/code.py (40% of documents: the files of small projects with what their scripts print, functions with what they do, bugs with their fixes).
  • Midtraining (format and skills, at volume): single-turn conversations, no system prompt: addition questions in many phrasings answered with a scratchpad (or a calculator call when tools are enabled), operands of 1-3 digits; story requests answered with TinyStories stories; greetings.
  • SFT (behavior): a fixed set of 16,000 conversations: system prompts to obey (number only, no calculator, one sentence, start with "Sure!"), follow-up questions about an earlier answer, new requests after an answer (another addition, or something else), identity, polite refusals of out-of-scope requests, and plain conversations. Mixed with 80,000 transcripts of opencode sessions (50% of the rows): a request about a random project, solved by an oracle with opencode's tools played for real in a sandbox (explore, create, modify, repair); and with pretraining documents (25% of the rows, loss on every token), without which the long SFT made the model forget plain text.
  • RL (math specialist): addition questions with 1-5-digit operands (including lengths the chat data never showed) and calculator problems; reward 1 when the answer is exactly right and in the requested form.
  • Distillation: the SFT model answers addition, calculator, instruction and refusal problems, and one turn of an agent transcript, and learns the next-token distributions of the math specialist (additions, calculator) and of the SFT model (everything else) on its own answers.
  • Operands of 6 digits are never seen in training (length generalization).

Evaluation

Same fixed-seed eval set for every stage (uv run python -m minilab.eval.run):

stageppl1d2d3d4d5d6d*5d@T=1tool calltool ansstoryinstrchatformatagentvalid callstrain time
pretrain (base)4.2995%87%85%69%76%0%---------11.4 min
midtrain4.42100%100%100%1%0%0%0%80%78%96%23%4%67%0%0%0.8 min
sft5.37100%100%100%20%0%0%0%85%84%100%94%63%74%98%100%8.4 min
rl_math5.71100%100%100%100%100%0%99%100%100%93%96%82%100%97%100%18.6 min
distill5.37100%100%100%100%100%0%99%100%100%100%100%94%100%98%100%10.6 min

* held-out digit counts (length generalization). base = raw-text prompt "a + b =". instr = instruction following, chat = whole conversations right. agent = coding tasks done end to end in opencode's format, valid calls = tool calls opencode accepts (see eval.json).

  • ppl: perplexity on held-out TinyStories stories.
  • Nd: greedy answers to N-digit additions that are exactly The answer is c. (chat format; the base model gets the raw-text prompt a + b = and must continue with the sum).
  • Nd@T=1: the hardest in-distribution digit count, sampling at temperature 1 (OpenAI's default).
  • tool call: with tools=[calculator], the first turn is a calculator call with a correct expression; tool ans: after the tool result, the final answer is correct.
  • story: "Tell me a story about a dog." (15 topics x 3 phrasings) -> the story mentions the topic.
  • instr: instruction following, the mean of: system prompts obeyed (number only, no calculator, one sentence, "Sure!"), follow-up questions answered, held-out out-of-scope questions refused, identity, and in-scope requests not refused.
  • chat: whole conversations of 3-5 turns played like the chat app, every answer right.
  • format: fraction of assistant turns properly ended (and no tool call without tools).
  • agent: coding tasks done end to end in opencode's format (14 kinds, 50 each), the model's tool calls run in a locked-down Docker container; valid calls: tool calls opencode accepts.
coding tasksuccess
list_files100%
find_def100%
show_file100%
explain100%
run100%
run_tests100%
create_func100%
create_script100%
rename100%
change_const100%
add_func100%
fix_test96%
fix_crash92%
fix_distractor88%

Samples (greedy)

Hi!

Hi there! Would you like a story, or some numbers to add?

Who are you?

I'm prelude, a very small language model trained from scratch on a laptop by mini-lab.

Tell me a story about a dog.

Once upon a time, there was a little dog named Spot. Spot loved to play with his ball. One day, Spot saw a big, red ball in the park. He wanted to play with it, but he was scared.
Spot's friend, a little girl named Sue, saw him looking at the ball. She said, "Spot, don't play with that ball. It's not safe." Spot did not listen. He wanted to play with the ball.
Spot ran to the ball and tried to play with it. But the ball was too big for him. Spot was sad. He wanted to play with the ball, but he could not. Spot was sad too. They both went home, and Spot was still scared.

What is the capital of France?

Sorry, I'm a tiny model: I can only tell short stories and add numbers.

[system] Answer with the number only. / What is 12 + 30?

42

What is 12 + 30? / [assistant] The answer is 42. / And add 25 to that?

The answer is 67.

[system] Answer in one short sentence. / Tell me a story about a cat.

Once upon a time, there was a little cat named Kitty.

Hello

Hello! How can I help you today?

Chat format

OpenAI-style messages rendered with special tokens (see minilab/tokenizer/chat.py). Addition is answered with a scratchpad inside <|think_start|>...<|think_end|> (column by column, right to left), then The answer is c. With tools: calculator, the model emits calculator<|arg|>expression=a + b between <|tool_call_start|> and <|tool_call_end|> and answers after the tool result. Tool arguments are raw text, so an agent writes code without JSON escaping; the API returns them as ordinary tool_calls, typed with the request's JSON schemas. opencode's ~20k-character system prompt is cut to its first sentence, and the server fits long sessions into the 1024-token context by dropping the oldest turns.

Limitations

  • A toy: it only knows simple children's stories, addition, and in opencode the tiny Python projects of its training world. Anything else gets a polite refusal at best and nonsense at worst. It has no world knowledge.
  • In opencode it runs whatever command it decides to: only use it in a sandbox (examples/opencode).
  • Stories are often repetitive or incoherent after a few sentences.
  • Addition is reliable only for the operand lengths it was trained on; see the held-out columns.
  • English only. Not for any real use.

Release gate

Evaluated again next to the previous release, with the same eval: no regression.

Raw evaluation results (eval.json)
{
  "stage": "distill",
  "mode": "chat",
  "val_loss": 1.6802,
  "val_ppl": 5.367,
  "val_bpc": 0.6249,
  "train_digits": [
    1,
    2,
    3,
    4,
    5
  ],
  "heldout_digits": [
    6
  ],
  "arithmetic": {
    "1": 1.0,
    "2": 1.0,
    "3": 1.0,
    "4": 1.0,
    "5": 1.0,
    "6": 0.0
  },
  "arithmetic_sampled": 0.99,
  "tool_call": 1.0,
  "tool_answer": 0.996,
  "story_topic": 1.0,
  "instructions": {
    "number_only": 1.0,
    "no_calculator": 1.0,
    "one_sentence": 1.0,
    "sure": 1.0,
    "followup": 1.0,
    "long_followup": 0.9666666666666667,
    "new_question": 1.0,
    "switch": 1.0,
    "mixed": 1.0,
    "refusal": 1.0,
    "identity": 1.0,
    "over_refusal": 0.0
  },
  "instr": 0.9972222222222222,
  "chat": 0.9366666666666666,
  "chat_failures": {
    "add (calculator)": 20,
    "refusal (calculator)": 5,
    "add": 4,
    "refusal": 3,
    "identity (calculator)": 3,
    "greeting": 1,
    "identity": 1,
    "story": 1
  },
  "format": 1.0,
  "samples": [
    {
      "prompt": "Hi!",
      "tools": null,
      "response": "Hi there! Would you like a story, or some numbers to add?",
      "reasoning": null,
      "tool_calls": [],
      "format_ok": true
    },
    {
      "prompt": "Who are you?",
      "tools": null,
      "response": "I'm prelude, a very small language model trained from scratch on a laptop by mini-lab.",
      "reasoning": null,
      "tool_calls": [],
      "format_ok": true
    },
    {
      "prompt": "Tell me a story about a dog.",
      "tools": null,
      "response": "Once upon a time, there was a little dog named Spot. Spot loved to play with his ball. One day, Spot saw a big, red ball in the park. He wanted to play with it, but he was scared.\nSpot's friend, a little girl named Sue, saw him looking at the ball. She said, \"Spot, don't play with that ball. It's not safe.\" Spot did not listen. He wanted to play with the ball.\nSpot ran to the ball and tried to play with it. But the ball was too big for him. Spot was sad. He wanted to play with the ball, but he could not. Spot was sad too. They both went home, and Spot was still scared.",
      "reasoning": null,
      "tool_calls": [],
      "format_ok": true
    },
    {
      "prompt": "What is the capital of France?",
      "tools": null,
      "response": "Sorry, I'm a tiny model: I can only tell short stories and add numbers.",
      "reasoning": null,
      "tool_calls": [],
      "format_ok": true
    },
    {
      "prompt": "[system] Answer with the number only. / What is 12 + 30?",
      "tools": null,
      "response": "42",
      "reasoning": "12+30: 2+0=2, 2\n1+3: 1+3=4, 42",
      "tool_calls": [],
      "format_ok": true
    },
    {
      "prompt": "What is 12 + 30? / [assistant] The answer is 42. / And add 25 to that?",
      "tools": null,
      "response": "The answer is 67.",
      "reasoning": "42+25: 2+5=7, 7\n4+2: 4+2=6, 67",
      "tool_calls": [],
      "format_ok": true
    },
    {
      "prompt": "[system] Answer in one short sentence. / Tell me a story about a cat.",
      "tools": null,
      "response": "Once upon a time, there was a little cat named Kitty.",
      "reasoning": null,
      "tool_calls": [],
      "format_ok": true
    },
    {
      "prompt": "Hello",
      "tools": [
        "calculator"
      ],
      "response": "Hello! How can I help you today?",
      "reasoning": null,
      "tool_calls": [],
      "format_ok": true
    }
  ],
  "in_distribution": 1.0,
  "heldout": 0.0,
  "code": {
    "stage": "distill",
    "mode": "chat",
    "val_loss": 0.3103,
    "val_ppl": 1.364,
    "val_bpc": 0.1648,
    "tasks": {
      "list_files": 1.0,
      "find_def": 1.0,
      "show_file": 1.0,
      "explain": 1.0,
      "run": 1.0,
      "run_tests": 1.0,
      "create_func": 1.0,
      "create_script": 1.0,
      "rename": 1.0,
      "change_const": 1.0,
      "add_func": 1.0,
      "fix_test": 0.96,
      "fix_crash": 0.92,
      "fix_distractor": 0.88
    },
    "families": {
      "explore": 1.0,
      "create": 1.0,
      "modify": 1.0,
      "repair": 0.9199999999999999
    },
    "agent": 0.9828571428571429,
    "valid_calls": 1.0,
    "steps": 2.34,
    "chat": 1.0,
    "title": 1.0,
    "failures": {
      "list_files": [],
      "find_def": [],
      "show_file": [],
      "explain": [],
      "run": [],
      "run_tests": [],
      "create_func": [],
      "create_script": [],
      "rename": [],
      "change_const": [],
      "add_func": [],
      "fix_test": [
        {
          "prompt": "test_mathlib.py fails, please fix it.",
          "transcript": [
            "shell({\"command\": \"python3 test_mathlib.py\"}) -> Traceback (most recent call last):\n  File \"/work/p579/test_mathlib.py\", line 3, in <module>\n    assert twice(3) == 6\n           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^\nAssertionError\n\nExited with code 1",
            "grep({\"pattern\": \"def twice\"}) -> Found 1 matches\n/work/p579/mathlib.py:\n  Line 1: def twice(x):\n",
            "read({\"path\": \"mathlib.py\"}) -> Read file mathlib.py, lines 1-6\n1: def twice(x):\n2:     return x * 3\n3: \n4: \n5: def next_number(x):\n6:     return x + 1",
            "edit({\"path\": \"mathlib.py\", \"oldString\": \"    return x + 1\", \"newString\": \"    return x * 2\"}) -> Edited mathlib.py (1 replacement)",
            "shell({\"command\": \"python3 test_mathlib.py\"}) -> Traceback (most recent call last):\n  File \"/work/p579/test_mathlib.py\", line 3, in <module>\n    assert twice(3) == 6\n           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^\nAssertionError\n\nExited with code 1",
            "grep({\"pattern\": \"def twice\"}) -> Found 1 matches\n/work/p579/mathlib.py:\n  Line 1: def twice(x):\n",
            "read({\"path\": \"mathlib.py\"}) -> Read file mathlib.py, lines 1-6\n1: def twice(x):\n2:     return x * 3\n3: \n4: \n5: def next_number(x):\n6:     return x * 2",
            "edit({\"path\": \"mathlib.py\", \"oldString\": \"    return x * 3\", \"newString\": \"    return x * 2\"}) -> Edited mathlib.py (1 replacement)"
          ]
        },
        {
          "prompt": "sum_up_to is wrong, fix it. The test is test_calc.py.",
          "transcript": [
            "shell({\"command\": \"python3 test_calc.py\"}) -> Traceback (most recent call last):\n  File \"/work/p583/test_calc.py\", line 5, in <module>\n    assert sum_up_to(8) == 36\n           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\nAssertionError\n\nExited with code 1",
            "grep({\"pattern\": \"def sum_up_to\"}) -> Found 1 matches\n/work/p583/calc.py:\n  Line 5: def sum_up_to(n):\n",
            "read({\"path\": \"calc.py\"}) -> Read file calc.py, lines 1-9\n1: def negate(x):\n2:     return -x\n3: \n4: \n5: def sum_up_to(n):\n6:     acc = 0\n7:     for i in range(n + 1):\n8:         acc = acc + 1\n9:     return acc",
            "edit({\"path\": \"calc.py\", \"oldString\": \"    for i in range(n):\", \"newString\": \"    for i in range(n + 1):\"}) -> {\"error\":{\"type\":\"tool.execution\",\"message\":\"Could not find oldString in calc.py. It must match exactly, including whitespace and indentation.\"},\"content\":[]}",
            "read({\"path\": \"calc.py\"}) -> Read file calc.py, lines 1-9\n1: def negate(x):\n2:     return -x\n3: \n4: \n5: def sum_up_to(n):\n6:     acc = 0\n7:     for i in range(n + 1):\n8:         acc = acc + 1\n9:     return acc",
            "edit({\"path\": \"calc.py\", \"oldString\": \"    for i in range(n):\", \"newString\": \"    for i in range(n + 1):\"}) -> {\"error\":{\"type\":\"tool.execution\",\"message\":\"Could not find oldString in calc.py. It must match exactly, including whitespace and indentation.\"},\"content\":[]}",
            "read({\"path\": \"calc.py\"}) -> Read file calc.py, lines 1-9\n1: def negate(x):\n2:     return -x\n3: \n4: \n5: def sum_up_to(n):\n6:     acc = 0\n7:     for i in range(n + 1):\n8:         acc = acc + 1\n9:     return acc",
            "edit({\"path\": \"calc.py\", \"oldString\": \"    for i in range(n):\", \"newString\": \"    for i in range(n + 1):\"}) -> {\"error\":{\"type\":\"tool.execution\",\"message\":\"Could not find oldString in calc.py. It must match exactly, including whitespace and indentation.\"},\"content\":[]}"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "fix_crash": [
        {
          "prompt": "Why does main.py fail? Fix it.",
          "transcript": [
            "shell({\"command\": \"python3 main.py\"}) -> Traceback (most recent call last):\n  File \"/work/p613/main.py\", line 4, in <module>\n    print(backwarrds(WORD))\n          ^^^^^^^^^^\nNameError: name 'backwarrds' is not defined. Did you mean: 'backwar",
            "read({\"path\": \"main.py\"}) -> Read file main.py, lines 1-4\n1: from text import backwards\n2: \n3: WORD = \"robot\"\n4: print(backwarrds(WORD))",
            "edit({\"path\": \"main.py\", \"oldString\": \"print(backwreetds(WORD))\", \"newString\": \"print(backwards(WORD))\"}) -> {\"error\":{\"type\":\"tool.execution\",\"message\":\"Could not find oldString in main.py. It must match exactly, including whitespace and indentation.\"},\"content\":[]}",
            "read({\"path\": \"main.py\"}) -> Read file main.py, lines 1-4\n1: from text import backwards\n2: \n3: WORD = \"robot\"\n4: print(backwarrds(WORD))",
            "edit({\"path\": \"main.py\", \"oldString\": \"print(backwreetds(WORD))\", \"newString\": \"print(backwards(WORD))\"}) -> {\"error\":{\"type\":\"tool.execution\",\"message\":\"Could not find oldString in main.py. It must match exactly, including whitespace and indentation.\"},\"content\":[]}",
            "read({\"path\": \"main.py\"}) -> Read file main.py, lines 1-4\n1: from text import backwards\n2: \n3: WORD = \"robot\"\n4: print(backwarrds(WORD))",
            "edit({\"path\": \"main.py\", \"oldString\": \"print(backwreetds(WORD))\", \"newString\": \"print(backwards(WORD))\"}) -> {\"error\":{\"type\":\"tool.execution\",\"message\":\"Could not find oldString in main.py. It must match exactly, including whitespace and indentation.\"},\"content\":[]}",
            "read({\"path\": \"main.py\"}) -> Read file main.py, lines 1-4\n1: from text import backwards\n2: \n3: WORD = \"robot\"\n4: print(backwarrds(WORD))"
          ]
        },
        {
          "prompt": "There's an error in hello.py, please fix it.",
          "transcript": [
            "shell({\"command\": \"python3 hello.py\"}) -> lemon\nd\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n  File \"/work/p621/hello.py\", line 5, in <module>\n    print(isze(\"banana\"))\n          ^^^^\nNameError: name 'isze' is not defined\n\nExited with code 1",
            "read({\"path\": \"hello.py\"}) -> Read file hello.py, lines 1-5\n1: from strings import size, last_letter, lower_case\n2: \n3: print(lower_case(\"Lemon\"))\n4: print(last_letter(\"cloud\"))\n5: print(isze(\"banana\"))",
            "edit({\"path\": \"hello.py\", \"oldString\": \"print(isze(\\\"banana\\\"))\", \"newString\": \"print(last_letter(\\\"banana\\\"))\"}) -> Edited hello.py (1 replacement)",
            "shell({\"command\": \"python3 hello.py\"}) -> lemon\nd\na\n",
            "assistant: Fixed the typo in `hello.py`: `isze` should be `last_letter`. It now prints:\n```\nlemon\nd\na\n```"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "fix_distractor": [
        {
          "prompt": "sum_two is wrong, fix it. The test is test_number_utils.py.",
          "transcript": [
            "shell({\"command\": \"python3 test_number_utils.py\"}) -> Traceback (most recent call last):\n  File \"/work/p664/test_number_utils.py\", line 3, in <module>\n    assert sum_two(12, 3) == 15\n           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\nAssertionError\n\nExited with code 1",
            "grep({\"pattern\": \"def sum_two\"}) -> Found 1 matches\n/work/p664/number_utils.py:\n  Line 1: def sum_two(a, b):\n",
            "read({\"path\": \"number_utils.py\"}) -> Read file number_utils.py, lines 1-10\n1: def sum_two(a, b):\n2:     return a * b\n3: \n4: \n5: def is_divisible(a, b):\n6:     return a % b == 0\n7: \n8: \n9: def minus(a, b):\n10:     return a - b",
            "edit({\"path\": \"number_utils.py\", \"oldString\": \"    return a - b\", \"newString\": \"    return a + b\"}) -> Edited number_utils.py (1 replacement)",
            "shell({\"command\": \"python3 test_number_utils.py\"}) -> Traceback (most recent call last):\n  File \"/work/p664/test_number_utils.py\", line 3, in <module>\n    assert sum_two(12, 3) == 15\n           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\nAssertionError\n\nExited with code 1",
            "grep({\"pattern\": \"def sum_two\"}) -> Found 1 matches\n/work/p664/number_utils.py:\n  Line 1: def sum_two(a, b):\n",
            "read({\"path\": \"number_utils.py\"}) -> Read file number_utils.py, lines 1-10\n1: def sum_two(a, b):\n2:     return a * b\n3: \n4: \n5: def is_divisible(a, b):\n6:     return a % b == 0\n7: \n8: \n9: def minus(a, b):\n10:     return a + b",
            "edit({\"path\": \"number_utils.py\", \"oldString\": \"    return a + b\", \"newString\": \"    return a + b\"}) -> {\"error\":{\"type\":\"tool.execution\",\"message\":\"No changes to apply: oldString and newString are identical.\"},\"content\":[]}"
          ]
        },
        {
          "prompt": "Make test_math_utils.py pass.",
          "transcript": [
            "shell({\"command\": \"python3 test_math_utils.py\"}) -> Traceback (most recent call last):\n  File \"/work/p668/test_math_utils.py\", line 5, in <module>\n    assert plus(12, 11) == 23\n           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\nAssertionError\n\nExited with code 1",
            "grep({\"pattern\": \"def plus\"}) -> Found 1 matches\n/work/p668/math_utils.py:\n  Line 13: def plus(a, b):\n",
            "read({\"path\": \"math_utils.py\"}) -> Read file math_utils.py, lines 1-14\n1: def minus(a, b):\n2:     return a - b\n3: \n4: \n5: def is_even(x):\n6:     return x % 2 == 0\n7: \n8: \n9: def squared(x):\n10:     return x * x\n11: \n12: \n13: def plus(a",
            "edit({\"path\": \"math_utils.py\", \"oldString\": \"    return a - b\", \"newString\": \"    return a + b\"}) -> Edited math_utils.py (1 replacement)",
            "shell({\"command\": \"python3 test_math_utils.py\"}) -> Traceback (most recent call last):\n  File \"/work/p668/test_math_utils.py\", line 5, in <module>\n    assert plus(12, 11) == 23\n           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\nAssertionError\n\nExited with code 1",
            "grep({\"pattern\": \"def plus\"}) -> Found 1 matches\n/work/p668/math_utils.py:\n  Line 13: def plus(a, b):\n",
            "read({\"path\": \"math_utils.py\"}) -> Read file math_utils.py, lines 1-14\n1: def minus(a, b):\n2:     return a + b\n3: \n4: \n5: def is_even(x):\n6:     return x % 2 == 0\n7: \n8: \n9: def squared(x):\n10:     return x * x\n11: \n12: \n13: def plus(a",
            "edit({\"path\": \"math_utils.py\", \"oldString\": \"    return a + b\", \"newString\": \"    return a + b\"}) -> {\"error\":{\"type\":\"tool.execution\",\"message\":\"No changes to apply: oldString and newString are identical.\"},\"content\":[]}"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    "samples": [
      {
        "prompt": "Find all .py files.",
        "response": "glob({\"pattern\": \"**/*.py\"}) -> /work/p0/utils.py\n/work/p0/mathlib.py\n/work/p0/script.py\nassistant: This project has 3 Python files: `utils.py`, `mathlib.py` and `script.py`."
      },
      {
        "prompt": "Show me app.py.",
        "response": "read({\"path\": \"app.py\"}) -> Read file app.py, lines 1-15\n1: def largest(nums):\n2:     return max(nums)\n3: \n4: \n5: def first(items):\n6:     return items[0]\n7: \n8: \n9: def only_even(nums):\n10:     return [n for n in nums if n % 2 \nassistant: `app.py` defines 3 functions: `largest(nums)`, `first(items)` and `only_even(nums)`."
      },
      {
        "prompt": "Run demo.py.",
        "response": "shell({\"command\": \"python3 demo.py\"}) -> 12\n8\n\nassistant: `demo.py` printed:\n```\n12\n8\n```"
      },
      {
        "prompt": "Create a function mean_list in lists.py. It returns the average of nums.",
        "response": "write({\"path\": \"lists.py\", \"content\": \"def mean_list(nums):\\n    return sum(nums) / len(nums)\\n\"}) -> Created file successfully: lists.py\nassistant: Created `lists.py` with `mean_list(nums)`."
      },
      {
        "prompt": "Set NUMBER to 2 in main.py.",
        "response": "read({\"path\": \"main.py\"}) -> Read file main.py, lines 1-12\n1: def twice(x):\n2:     return x * 2\n3: \n4: \n5: def larger(a, b):\n6:     if a > b:\n7:         return a\n8:     return b\n9: \n10: \n11: NUMBER = 7\n12: print(twice(NUMBER))\nedit({\"path\": \"main.py\", \"oldString\": \"NUMBER = 7\", \"newString\": \"NUMBER = 2\"}) -> Edited main.py (1 replacement)\nassistant: Set `NUMBER` to `2` in `main.py`."
      },
      {
        "prompt": "Fix the failing test.",
        "response": "glob({\"pattern\": \"**/test_*.py\"}) -> /work/p580/test_utils.py\n/work/p580/test_strings.py\nshell({\"command\": \"python3 test_utils.py\"}) -> Traceback (most recent call last):\n  File \"/work/p580/test_utils.py\", line 5, in <module>\n    assert is_even(11) == False\n           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\nAssertionError\n\nExited with code 1\ngrep({\"pattern\": \"def is_even\"}) -> Found 1 matches\n/work/p580/utils.py:\n  Line 5: def is_even(x):\n\nread({\"path\": \"utils.py\"}) -> Read file utils.py, lines 1-6\n1: def how_many(items):\n2:     return len(items)\n3: \n4: \n5: def is_even(x):\n6:     return x % 2 == 1\nedit({\"path\": \"utils.py\", \"oldString\": \"    return x % 2 == 1\", \"newString\": \"    return x % 2 == 0\"}) -> Edited utils.py (1 replacement)\nshell({\"command\": \"python3 test_utils.py\"}) -> all tests passed\n\nassistant: Fixed `is_even` in `utils.py`: it used `return x % 2 == 1` instead of `return x % 2 == 0`. The tests pass now."
      }
    ],
    "eval_seconds": 198.3
  },
  "eval_seconds": 356.1
}